Recently, the 2024 data results of the National Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Demonstration Experimental Platform (Daqing Base) were released in Beijing. As the first national photovoltaic energy storage demonstration experimental platform approved by the National Energy Administration, the Daqing Base has become an authority in the industry with its “complete component types, rich installation environment, and comprehensive data dimensions”.

 

The project is constructed and operated by the State Power Investment Group Yellow River Upstream Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., and plans to arrange 640 demonstration experimental schemes with a scale of about 1.05 million kilowatts. The Daqing base started operation in November 2021 and officially carried out demonstration experiments in January 2022. At present, the construction of the first three phases of the project has been completed, the total installed capacity has increased to 500,000 kilowatts, and the number of demonstration experimental schemes has reached 389. The role of serving the healthy and high-quality development of China’s and even the world’s photovoltaic and energy storage industries has been further enhanced.

 

The conclusion of the component empirical report shows that the trend of power generation in 2024 is basically the same as that in previous years, and the power generation of TOPCon technology type components is the highest, which is 2.02% and 1.43% higher than PERC and IBC components respectively. The difference in power generation between N-type TOPCon components and PERC components is increasing year by year, mainly because the attenuation characteristics of N-type components are better than PERC components.

 

Reason analysis:

 

  1. TOPCon has a significant advantage in bifaciality

 

According to the actual measurement data of the meteorological environment in Daqing Empirical Base in 2024, from 2022 to 2024, the average back irradiation of the inclined surface for three years accounted for 13.5%, and the back irradiation of the inclined surface accounted for 12.87% throughout 2024, which means the importance of bifaciality of components to power generation gain.

 

The empirical data of Daqing Base show that the outdoor measured bifaciality of TOPCon, PERC and IBC components is 79.09%, 69.72% and 58.89% respectively. Compared with IBC and PERC modules, TOPCon modules have a significant advantage of 10-20% in bifaciality, which enables them to show power generation advantages under various ground conditions, and the higher the ground reflectivity, the more obvious the advantage.

 

  1. TOPCon has excellent low-irradiation performance

 

Empirical data show that the power generation gain of modules of different technical types is quite different compared with PERC modules under different typical weather conditions. TOPCon modules have higher power generation gain under cloudy, rainy and snowy conditions; affected by ambient temperature, TOPCon modules have lower gain than PERC modules under sunny conditions in winter.

 

  1. TOPCon attenuation performance is stable

 

Current change: Under the same boundary conditions from 2022 to 2023, the current of modules of different technical routes showed a downward trend, among which HJT modules showed the largest decline, reaching -2.21%, and PERC, IBC, and TOPCon modules were -0.88%, -0.77%, and -0.67%, respectively.

 

Voltage change: The operating voltage of HJT modules showed a downward trend, and there was basically no significant change in the operating voltage of IBC, PERC and TOPCon modules.

 

The measured attenuation rates of most manufacturers meet the values ​​promised by the manufacturers, but some manufacturers have larger attenuation rates; the attenuation rates of different manufacturers with the same technology vary, with the maximum difference reaching more than 2%; the conversion efficiency of the second-phase components has been improved, and the power generation per unit megawatt is about 0.6% higher than that of the first phase.

 

In the cold temperate climate, the operating conditions of the components are at a relatively low temperature level, and the operating time of the components below 25℃ accounts for 68.09%. Temperature has a great impact on the power generation of components. When the ambient temperature is greater than -10℃, the power generation of TOPcon technology components is higher than that of PERC. The curve chart can explain the significance of establishing empirical experimental projects in multiple climate zones and study the impact of meteorological characteristics in different typical climate regions on photovoltaic products and systems.